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re the camps of the enemy； but no one accepted。
One day Zhuge Liang rode in his small chariot to the front of the Qishan Mountains； keenly scanned the course of River Wei and carefully surveyed the lie of the land。 Presently he came to a valley shaped like a bottle…gourd； large enough to form a hiding place for a whole thousand soldiers in the inner recess； while half as many more could hide in the outer。 In rear the mountains were so close that they left passage only for a single horseman。 The discovery pleased the general mightily； and he asked the guides what the place was called。
They replied； 〃It is called Shangfang Valley； and nicknamed Gourd Valley。〃
Returning to his camp； he called up two leaders named Du Rui and Hu Zhong and whispered into their ears certain secret orders。 Next he called up a thousand craftspeople and sent them into the Gourd Valley to construct 〃wooden oxen and running horses〃 for the use of the troops。 Finally he set Ma Dai with five hundred troops to guard the mouth of the Gourd Valley and prevent all entrance and exit。
Zhuge Liang said； 〃People from outside cannot enter； from inside cannot exit。 I will visit the valley at irregular intervals to inspect the work。 A plan for the defeat of Sima Yi is being prepared here and must be kept a profound secret。〃
Ma Dai left to take up the position。 The two generals； Du Rui and Hu Zhong； were superintendents of the work in the Gourd Valley。 Zhuge Liang came every day to give instructions。
One day Yang Yi went to Zhuge Liang and said； 〃The stores of grain are all at Saber Pass； and the labor of transport is very heavy。 What can be done？〃
Zhuge Liang replied； smiling； 〃I have had a scheme ready for a long time。 The timber that I collected and bought in the River Lands was for the construction of wooden transport animals to convey grain。 It will be very advantageous； as they will require neither food nor water and they can keep on the move day and night without resting。〃
All those within hearing said； 〃From old days till now no one has ever heard of such a device。 What excellent plan have you； O Prime Minister； to make such marvelous creatures？〃
〃They are being made now after my plans； but they are not yet ready。 Here I have the sketches for these mechanical oxen and horses； with all their dimensions written out in full。 You may see the details。〃
Zhuge Liang then produced a paper； and all the generals crowded round to look at it。 They were all greatly astonished and lauded； 〃The Prime Minister is superhuman！〃
A few days later the new mechanical animals were plete and began work。 They were quite life…like and went over the hills in any desired direction。 The whole army saw them with delight。 They were but in charge of Right General Gao Xiang and a thousand soldiers to guide them。 They kept going constantly between Saber Pass and the front carrying grain for the use of the soldiers。
Along the Saber Pass mountain roads
The running horses bore their loads；
And through Xie Valley's narrow way
The wooden oxen paced each day。
O generals； use these means today；
And transport troubles take away。
Sima Yi was already sad enough at his defeat； when the spies told him of these wooden bullocks and horses of new design which the soldiers of Shu were using to convey their grain。
This troubled him still more； and he said to his generals； 〃I knew the transportation from the River Lands was difficult； therefore； I shut the gates and remained on the defensive waiting for the enemy to be starved。 With this device； they may never be pelled to retreat for want of food。〃
Then he called up Zhang Hu and Yue Chen and gave orders： 〃Each of you with five hundred troops will goes to the Xie Valley by by…roads。 When you see the Shu soldiers transport their grain by； you are to let them through； but only to attack at the end and capture four or five of the wooden horses and bullocks。〃
So a thousand soldiers went on this service disguised as soldiers of Shu。 They made their way along the by…ways by night and hid。 Presently the wooden convoy came along under the escort of Gao Xiang。 Just as the end of it was passing； they made a sudden rush； and captured a few of the 〃animals〃 which the soldiers of Shu abandoned。 In high glee they took them to their own camp。
When Sima Yi saw them； he had to confess they were very life…like。 But what pleased him most was that he could imitate them now that he had models。
〃If Zhuge Liang can use this sort of thing； it would be strange if I could not；〃 said he。
He called to him many clever craftspeople and made them then and there take the machines to pieces and make some exactly like them。 In less than half a month； they had pleted a couple of thousand after Zhuge Liang's models； and the new mechanical animals could move。 Then Sima Yi placed Cen Wei； General Who Guards the Frontiers； in charge of this new means of transport； and the 〃animals〃 began to ply between the camp and the West Valley Land。 The Wei soldiers were filled with joys。
Gao Xiang returned to camp and reported the loss of a few of his wooden oxen and horses。
〃I wished him to capture some of them；〃 said Zhuge Liang； much pleased。 〃I am just laying out these few； and before long I shall get some very solid help in exchange。〃
〃How do you know； O Prime Minister？〃 said his officers。
〃Because Sima Yi will certainly copy them； and when he has done that； I have another plan ready to play on him。〃
Some days later Zhuge Liang received a report that the enemy were using the same sort of wooden bullocks and horses to bring up supplies from Xizhou。
〃Exactly as I thought；〃 said be。
Calling Wang Ping； he said； 〃Dress up a thousand soldiers as those of Wei； and find your way quickly and secretly to Beiyuan。 Tell them that you are escort for the convoy； and mingle with the real escort。 Then suddenly turn on them so that they scatter。 Next you will turn the herd this way。 By and by you will be pursued。 When that occurs； you will give a turn to the tongues of the wooden animals； and they will be locked from movement。 Leave them where they are and run away。 When the soldiers of Wei e up； they will be unable to drag the creatures and equally unable to carry them。 I shall have soldiers ready； and you will go back with them； give the tongues a backward turn and bring the convoy here； The enemy will be greatly astonished。〃
Next he called Zhang Ni and said； 〃Dress up five hundred soldiers in the costume of the Deities of the Six Layers so that they appear supernatural。 Fit them with demon heads and wild beast shapes； and let them stain their faces various colors so as to look as strange as possible。 Give them flags and swords and bottle…gourds with smoke issuing from bustibles inside。 Let these soldiers hide among the hills till the convoy approaches； when they will start the smoke； rush out suddenly and drive off the wooden animals。 No one will dare pursue such uncanny pany。〃
When Zhang Ni had left； Wei Yan and Jiang Wei were called。
〃You will take ten thousand troops； go to the border of Beiyuan to receive the wooden transport creatures and defend them against attack。〃
Then another five thousand under Zhang Yi and Liao Hua was sent to check Sima Yi if he should e； while a small force under Ma Dai and Ma Zheng was sent to bid defiance to the enemy near their camp on the south bank。
So one day when a convoy was on its way from the West Valley Land； the scouts in front suddenly reported some soldiers ahead who said they were escort for the grain。 mander Cen Wei halted and sent to inquire。 It appeared the newers were really the soldiers of Wei； however； and so he started once more。
The newers joined up with his own troops。 But before they had gone much farther； there was a yell； and the men of Shu began to kill； while a voice shouted； 〃Wang Ping is here！〃
The convoy guard were taken aback。 Many were killed； but the others rallied round Cen Wei and made some defense。 However； Wang Ping slew Cen Wei； and the others ran this way and that； while the convoy was turned toward the Shu camp。
The fugitives ran off to Beiyuan and reported the mishap to Guo Huai； who set out hot foot to rescue the convoy。 When he appeared； Wang Ping gave the order to turn tongues； left the wooden animals in the roa